CLR (Common Runtime Language)

What is CLR (Common Runtime Language)?

.NET programs are compiled by the language compilers into assemblies that consist of Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) instructions. Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) is a CPU-independent set of instructions that can be efficiently converted to native code.

Common Language Runtime shortly called as CLR provides a universal execution engine for .NET applications and it is provided by the .NET Framework . A runtime is an environment in which programs are executed. The CLR is therefore an environment in which we can run our .NET applications that have been compiled to MSIL.

It provides a number of services, including the following:

Application memory isolation
Verification of type safety
Conversion of IL to native code
Access to metadata (enhanced type information)
Managing memory for managed objects
Enforcement of code access security
Exception handling, including cross-language exceptions
Interoperation between managed code, COM objects, and pre-existing DLLs (unmanaged code and data)
Automation of object layout
Support for developer services (profiling, debugging, and so on)

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